The Church maintained the authority in medieval times, and it aimed to preserve stability in society at all costs. Throughout the Middle Ages, Europeans generally did what they could to prevent revolution and preserve the established order. He believed that revolutions occur when institutions, such as the Church or the State, fail to instill in society a system of values and a code of ethics that prevent upheaval. The Greek philosopher Aristotle linked revolution to a number of causes and conditions, but largely to the desire for equality and honor. Over the course of history, philosophers have held different views as to whether revolution is a natural occurrence in a changing society, or whether it indicates social decay. People become discouraged by existing conditions, which alters their values and beliefs. Revolutions are born when the social climate in a country changes and the political system does not react in kind. Because the objective of revolutions is to upturn established order, the characteristics that define them reflect the circumstances of their birth. The people who start revolutions have determined the institutions currently in place in society have failed or no longer serve their intended purpose. Typically, revolutions take the form of organized movements aimed at effecting change-economic change, technological change, political change, or social change. In the fields of history and political science, a revolution is a radical change in the established order, usually the established government and social institutions.
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